Japanese Society of Medical Oncology Clinical Guidelines: Molecular Testing for Colorectal Cancer Treatment, Third Edition

  • Kentaro Yamazaki
    Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology Shizuoka Cancer Center Shizuoka Japan
  • Hiroya Taniguchi
    Department of Clinical Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital Aichi Japan
  • Takayuki Yoshino
    Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East Kashiwa Japan
  • Kiwamu Akagi
    Division of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prevention Saitama Cancer Center Saitama Japan
  • Hideyuki Ishida
    Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University Saitama Japan
  • Hiromichi Ebi
    Division of Medical Oncology Cancer Research Institute Kanazawa University Ishikawa Japan
  • Kaname Nakatani
    Central Laboratory Mie University Hospital Mie Japan
  • Kei Muro
    Department of Clinical Oncology Aichi Cancer Center Hospital Aichi Japan
  • Yasushi Yatabe
    Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics Aichi Cancer Center Hospital Aichi Japan
  • Kensei Yamaguchi
    Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Tokyo Japan
  • Katsuya Tsuchihara
    Division of Translational Research Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center Chiba Japan

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<jats:p>The Japanese Society of Medical Oncology (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">JSMO</jats:styled-content>) previously published 2 editions of the clinical guidelines: “Japanese guidelines for testing of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">KRAS</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> gene mutation in colorectal cancer” in 2008 and “Japanese Society of Medical Oncology Clinical Guidelines: <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">RAS</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">KRAS</jats:styled-content></jats:italic>/<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">NRAS</jats:styled-content></jats:italic>) mutation testing in colorectal cancer patients” in 2014. These guidelines have contributed to the proper use of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">KRAS</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">RAS</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> mutation testing, respectively. Recently, clinical utility, particularly for colorectal cancer (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CRC</jats:styled-content>) patients with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">BRAF</jats:styled-content> </jats:italic>V600E mutation or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> mismatch‐repair (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MMR</jats:styled-content>) deficiency, has been established. Therefore, the guideline members decided these genetic alterations should also be involved. The aim of this revision is to properly carry out testing for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">BRAF</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> V600E mutation and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MMR</jats:styled-content> deficiency in addition to <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">RAS</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> mutation. The revised guidelines include the basic requirements for testing for these genetic alterations based on recent scientific evidence. Furthermore, because clinical utility of comprehensive genetic testing using next‐generation sequencing and somatic gene testing of analyzing circulating tumor <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> has increasingly evolved with recent advancements in testing technology, we noted the current situation and prospects for these testing technologies and their clinical implementation in the revised guidelines.</jats:p>

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