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Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a consensus statement jointly from the Japanese Circulation Society and the Japan Diabetes Society

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Reproduced from Essence of diabetes treatment. Japan Council for Promotion of Countermeasures against Diabetes, editor. 2017 edn (in Japanese). https://dl.med.or.jp/dl-med/tounyoubyou/ essence2017.pdf

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Reproduced from The Japanese Circulation Society guidelines for rehabilitation in patients with cardiovascular disease. 2012 revised edn (in Japanese). p. 23 (Fig. 1). https://www.j-circ.or.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2012_nohara_h.pdf (accessed Jan. 27, 2020)

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Reproduced from the Guidelines for pharmacotherapy of atrial fibrillation (2013 revised edn), p. 21 (Fig. 7). Revised on March 2020 as “JCS/JHRS 2020 guideline on pharmacotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias”, and not available now. INR international normalized ratio, TIA transient ischemic attack

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the special assistance given by Mr. Takashi Itakiyo and Ms. Koko Okuda, as well as the office staff of the Japanese Circulation Society and the Japan Diabetes Society in support of this work.

Collaborators’ list of our manuscript titled “Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes: A Consensus Statement Jointed from The Japanese Circulation Society and The Japan Diabetes Society”

Tetsuya Amano, Toshihisa Anzai, Tetsuya Babazono, Masanori Emoto, Keiichi Fukuda, Nobuhisa Hagiwara, Ken-ichi Hirata, Yuji Ikari, Takanori Ikeda, Chisato Izumi, Masahiro Jinzaki, Hideaki Kaneto, Hideki Katagiri, Takeshi Kimura, Yoshio Kobayashi, Koji Maemura, Satoaki Matoba, Tetsuo Minamino, Yoshihide Mitani, Shin-ichiro Miura, Yoshihio Morino, Jiro Nakamura, Yoshihiko Nishio, Wataru Ogawa, Mitsuru Ohishi, Hiroyuki Okura, Minoru Ono, Yasushi Sakata, Asako Sato, Akira Shimada, Wataru Shimizu, Iichiro Shimomura, Ichiro Shiojima, Masayuki Takamura, Yasutomo Takeishi, Kazuo Tanemoto, Yukio Tanizawa, Yasuo Terauchi, Kazuyuki Tobe, Yayoi Tetsuou Tsukada, Hirotaka Watada, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Masafumi Yano, Narihito Yoshioka.

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Correspondence to Koichi Node.

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Conflict of interest

H. Ito., T.M., I.K., K.N. are members of the Circulation Journal’s editorial team. Disclosure of individual potential conflicts of interest. (1) Compensation (officers and advisors) 1 million yen or more. (2) Stock profit 1 million yen or more or holding 5% or more. (3) Patent fee 1 million yen or more. (4) Lecturer’s fee 500,000 yen or more. (5) Manuscript fee 500,000 yen or more. (6) Research expenses and grants 1 million yen or more. (7) Scholarship (encouragement) donation 1 million yen or more. (8) Endowed course 1 million yen or more. (9) Travel expenses, gifts 50,000 yen or more. B. Spouse of Declarer.

Eiichi Araki: (4), AstraZeneca K.K., MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Kowa Company, Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD. (7), Astellas Pharma Inc., MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Sanofi K.K, DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., NOVARTIS PHARMA K.K., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD., PFIZER JAPAN INC. (8), MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Terumo Corporation.

Hideki Ishii: (4), Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., MSD K.K., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD., PFIZER JAPAN INC., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K.

Hiroshi Ito: (4), Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., MSD K.K., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD., PFIZER JAPAN INC., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K. (6), Kowa Company, Ltd., NOVARTIS PHARMA K.K. (7), Astellas Pharma Inc., MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Kowa Company, Ltd., Sanofi K.K., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., MOCHIDA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. (8), Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd.

Nobuya Inagaki: (4), Astellas Pharma Inc., MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Kowa Company, Ltd., TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD. (6), DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, Terumo Corporation, Drawbridge Inc. (7), Astellas Pharma Inc., MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., KISSEI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K, SANWA KAGAKU KENKYUSHO CO., LTD., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, TEIJIN PHARMA Limited, ELI LILLY JAPAN K.K., Japan Tobacco Inc., NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., NOVARTIS PHARMA K.K., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD., Life Scan Japan.

Kenjiro Imai: None to disclose.

Kohjiro Ueki: (4), Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Sanofi K.K, DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD. (6), Astellas Pharma Inc., Abbott Japan LLC., MSD K.K., ELI LILLY JAPAN K.K., NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD. (7), Astellas Pharma Inc., MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD.

Takashi Kadowaki: (4), MSD Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca K.K., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd. (6), MSD Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (8), Asahi Mutual Life Insurance Company, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., TERUMO Corporation, MSD Corporation, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd.

Issei Komuro: (4), Astellas Pharma Inc., MSD K.K., Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., Pfizer Japan Inc., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO. LTD., DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan Ltd. (6), QVIA Services Japan, ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO. LTD. (7), Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Terumo Corporation, DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED.

Masataka Sata: (4), Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., MSD K.K., KOWA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K. (6), DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD. (7), Astellas Pharma Inc., MSD K.K., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation. (8), NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD.

Takehiro Sugiyama: (8), JMDC.

Atsushi Tanaka: (6), GlaxoSmithKline K.K.

Koichi Node: (4), Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., MSD K.K., OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL Co., Ltd., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., KOWA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, ELI LILLY JAPAN K.K., NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD. (6), Asahi Kasei Corp., Astellas Pharma Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, TEIJIN PHARMA Limited, Terumo Corporation, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD., Eli Lilly and Company (USA). (7), Astellas Pharma Inc., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, TEIJIN PHARMA Limited, ELI LILLY JAPAN K.K., NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., NOVARTIS PHARMA K.K., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD., PFIZER JAPAN INC., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., Sanofi K.K.

Toyoaki Murohara: (4), Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan Ltd., Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., MSD K.K., Kowa Company, Ltd., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD. (7), Astellas Pharma Inc., OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL Co., Ltd., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, TEIJIN PHARMA Limited, BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD.

Shunsuke Yamane: (7), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation.

Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest as Organization. Companies that funded the activities of the Japanese Circulation Society from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019.

Co-sponsored seminar: Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan Ltd., Asahi Kasei ZOLL Medical Corporation., Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K., Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., Abbott Japan LLC., Abbott Vascular Japan Co., Ltd., Abbott Medical Japan LLC, Alere Medical Co.,Ltd., Alnylam Japan, AnGes, Inc., EA Pharma Co.,Ltd., A&D Company, Limited., Eisai Co., Ltd., AEGERION PHARMACEUTICALS K.K., Edwards Lifesciences Corporation., MSD K.K., LSI Medience Corporation, OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL Co., Ltd., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Japanese Coronary Spasm Association, CANON MEDICAL SYSTEMS CORPORATION, Kyowa Medex Co., Ltd, Cuorips Inc., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., KOWA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD., Kotobuki pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K, Sawai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sun Medical Technology Research Corp., SANWA KAGAKU KENKYUSHO CO., LTD., CSL Behring K.K., Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics K.K., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., CMIC HOLDINGS Co., Ltd., SUZUKEN CO.,LTD., SEKISUI MEDICAL CO., LTD., Century Medical, Inc., St. Jude Medical Japan Co., Ltd., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., TSUMURA & CO., DS Pharma Biomedical Co.,Ltd., Teijin Home Healthcare Limited, TEIJIN PHARMA Limited, Terumo Corporation, DENSO CORPORATION, TOSHIBA MEDICAL SYSTEMS CORPORATION, Tosoh Corporation., Toray Industries, Inc., TOA EIYO LTD., Nipro Corporation, Abiomed Japan K.K., ELI LILLY JAPAN K.K., Japanese Organization for Medical Device Development, Inc., The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine, Nippon Kayaku Co.,Ltd., W. L. Gore & Associates G.K., The Japanese Society of Nuclear Cardiology., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., Nihon Medi-Physics Co.,Ltd., Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., Japan Lifeline Co.,Ltd., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD., BIOTRONIK Japan, Inc., PFIZER JAPAN INC., Philips Respironics GK, FUKUDA LIFE TECH K.K., FUKUDA DENSHI CO., LTD., FUJIFILM RI Pharma Co.,Ltd., FUJIFILM Medical Co., Ltd, FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., FUJIYAKUHIN Co., Ltd., FUJIREBIO Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K, Boston Scientific Japan KK, Volcano Japan Co., Ltd., MYLAN EPD G.K., MOCHIDA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., ResMed.KK.

Supporting member: Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., IGAKU-SHOIN Ltd., Ueda Japan Radio Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Element-HRC, OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL Co., Ltd., Omura Printing Co., Ltd., OMRON HEALTHCARE Co., Ltd., Kaito, Gakuju Shoin, KK, KAKEN PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., KYOWA KIKAKU Ltd, Goodman Co.,LTD, Kawakita Printing Co., Ltd., KOWA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD., Congrès Inc, Sanofi K.K, GE Healthcare Japan Corp., Siemens Healthcare K.K., JTB corp. Western Japan MICE division, SHIMADZU CORPORATION Medical project planning department, St. Jude Medical Japan Co., Ltd., Sompo Japan Insurance Inc., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD Marketing Department, TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, TEIJIN PHARMA Limited, Tokyo Planning Center KK., Toray Medical Co.,Ltd., TOA EIYO LTD., TORII PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Nankodo Co., Ltd., Nissen Techno Comms, Nipro Corporation, Japan Convention Services, Inc., Zeon Corporation, NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., Nihon Medi-Physics Co.,Ltd., Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD., BIOTRONIK Japan, Inc., Hitachi Aloka Medical, Ltd, PFIZER JAPAN INC., FUKUDA COLIN Co.,Ltd., Fukuda AD Agency, FUKUDA DENSHI CO., LTD., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., Proactive.Inc, HEIWA BUSSAN CO.,LTD, MEDICAL VIEW CO.,LTD., Medical Review Co., Ltd., MOCHIDA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., YOSHIDA PRINTING GROUP., Radiometer K.K., Roche Diagnostics K.K.

Research grant; none; Honoring program; Japan Heart Foundation.

Companies that funded the activities of the Japan Diabetes Society from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019.

Co-sponsored seminar: ARKRAY, Inc., ARKRAY Marketing, Inc., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation., Ajinomoto Co., Inc., ASKA Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., Abbott Japan LLC., Abbott Vascular Japan Co., Ltd., Alere Medical Co.,Ltd., InBody Japan Inc., Welbe, Inc., ARBROWN CO.,LTD., EIKEN CHEMICAL CO.,LTD., Eisai Co., Ltd., AEGERION PHARMACEUTICALS K.K., SRL, Inc., MSD K.K., LSI Medience Corporation, OTSUKA PHARMACEUTICAL Co., Ltd., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., KAKEN PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., KISSEI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Kyowa Medex Co., Ltd, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Kracie Pharmaceutical, Ltd., Covidien Japan Inc., Kowa Company, Ltd., Cosmic Corporation Co., Ltd., Kotobuki pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K, SANWA KAGAKU KENKYUSHO CO., LTD., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Johnson & Johnson K.K., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Terumo Corporation, Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Nipro Corporation, ELI LILLY JAPAN K.K., NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., Nippon Becton Dickinson Company, Ltd., Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., NOVARTIS PHARMA K.K., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD., BAYER YAKUHIN, LTD., Hakubaku Co.,Ltd., PFIZER JAPAN INC., FUKUDA COLIN Co.,Ltd., FUKUDA DENSHI CO., LTD., FUJIFILM Pharma Co., Ltd., FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Healthy Network, HORIBA, Ltd., MYLAN EPD G.K., MOCHIDA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., UNEX corporation, LifeScan Japan, RIZAP GROUP, Inc., Roche DC Japan K.K.

Supporting member: ARKRAY Marketing, Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., Abbott Japan LLC., EA Pharma Co.,Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., H + B Life Science Co.,Ltd., SRL, Inc., MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., KAKEN PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., KISSEI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Kowa Company, Ltd., Sanofi K.K, SANWA KAGAKU KENKYUSHO CO., LTD., SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., SYSMEX CORPORATION, Johnson & Johnson K.K., SEKISUI MEDICAL CO., LTD., DAIICHI SANKYO CO., LTD, TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Terumo Corporation, Tosoh Corporation., Nipro Corporation, ELI LILLY JAPAN K.K., Japan Tobacco Inc., NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD., Panasonic Healthcare Co., Ltd., PHC Holdings Corporation, Bunkodo Co., Ltd., HORIBA, Ltd., LifeScan Japan, Roche DC Japan K.K.

Research grant: Abbott Japan LLC., MSD K.K., Sanofi K.K, TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED, ELI LILLY JAPAN K.K., NIPPON BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM CO., LTD., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD.

Honoring program: Sanofi K.K., ELI LILLY JAPAN K.K., NOVO NORDISK PHARMA LTD (The company name is as of December 2019).

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This statement is based on the “Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes: A Consensus Statement Jointed from The Japanese Circulation Society and The Japan Diabetes Society” (ISBN978-4-524-22818-8), which was published in Japanese by Nankodo Co., Ltd. (©The Japanese Circulation Society, The Japan Diabetes Society, 2020) and is jointly published in the Circulation Journal (official English journal of the JCS: doi 10.1253/circj.CJ-20-0865) and Diabetology International (official English journal of the JDS).

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Araki, E., Tanaka, A., Inagaki, N. et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a consensus statement jointly from the Japanese Circulation Society and the Japan Diabetes Society. Diabetol Int 12, 1–51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-020-00471-5

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